Bảo mật website với htaccess

1. Phòng chống SQL Injection

# Prevent use of specified methods in HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(HEAD|TRACE|DELETE|TRACK) [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in the HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^.*(\\r|\\n|%0A|%0D).* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in the Referer Variable of the HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^(.*)(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in any cookie associated with the HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal characters in URI or use of malformed URI
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(,|;|:|<|>|">|"<|/|\\\.\.\\).{0,9999}.* [NC,OR]
# Block out  use of empty User Agent Strings
# NOTE - disable this rule if your site is integrated with Payment Gateways such as PayPal
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^$ [OR]
# Block out  use of illegal or unsafe characters in the User Agent variable
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC,OR]
# Measures to block out  SQL injection attacks
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(;|<|>|'|"|\)|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%3C|%3E|).*(/\*|union|select|insert|cast|set|declare|drop|update|md5|benchmark).* [NC,OR]
# Block out  reference to localhost/loopback/127.0.0.1 in the Query String
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(localhost|loopback|127\.0\.0\.1).* [NC,OR]
# Block out  use of illegal or unsafe characters in the Query String variable
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC]

2. Chống tấn công LFI

########## Begin - File injection protection
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} GET
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=http:// [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+ [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]
########## End - File injection protection

 - Bạn có thể thêm dòng sau đây để tránh trường hợp attacker mã hóa url

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=http%3A%2F%2F [OR]

3.  Chống PHP-CGI Remote Code Execution

# PHP-CGI Vulnerability
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(%2d|\-)[^=]+$ [NC]
RewriteRule (.*) - [F,L]

4. Chống MySQL injections, Remote File Inclusion (RFI), base64 attacks 

# Block MySQL injections, RFI, base64, etc.

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=http:// [OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+ [OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+ [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \=PHP[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12} [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\.\./|\.\.) [OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ftp\: [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} http\: [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} https\: [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \=\|w\| [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)/self/(.*)$ [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)cPath=http://(.*)$ [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\<|%3C).*script.*(\>|%3E) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|%3C)([^s]*s)+cript.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\<|%3C).*iframe.*(\>|%3E) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|%3C)([^i]*i)+frame.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_encode.*\(.*\) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_(en|de)code[^(]*\([^)]*\) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} _REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(\[|\]|\(|\)|<|>).* [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (NULL|OUTFILE|LOAD_FILE) [OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\./|\../|\.../)+(motd|etc|bin) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (localhost|loopback|127\.0\.0\.1) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} concat[^\(]*\( [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} union([^s]*s)+elect [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} union([^a]*a)+ll([^s]*s)+elect [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (;|<|>|'|"|\)|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%3C|%3E|).*(/\*|union|select|insert|drop|delete|update|cast|create|char|convert|alter|declare|order|script|set|md5|benchmark|encode) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (sp_executesql) [NC]

RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]

5. Block suspicious user agents and requests

# Block suspicious user agents and requests

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (libwww-perl|wget|python|nikto|curl|scan|java|winhttp|clshttp|loader) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (;|<|>|'|"|\)|\(|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%28|%3C|%3E|).*(libwww-perl|wget|python|nikto|curl|scan|java|winhttp|HTTrack|clshttp|archiver|loader|email|harvest|extract|grab|miner) [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} \/\*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} etc/passwd [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} cgi-bin [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} (%0A|%0D) [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]

6. Ngăn ngừa tấn công xss

# Don't allow any pages to be framed - Defends against CSRF
Header set X-Frame-Options DENY
# Turn on IE8-IE9 XSS prevention tools
Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
# Only allow JavaScript from the same domain to be run.
# Don't allow inline JavaScript to run.
Header set X-Content-Security-Policy "allow 'self';
# prevent mime based attacks
Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"